How To Start Export Business In Nigeria

If you have ever wondered how to start an export business in Nigeria, you are not alone. Many entrepreneurs across the country are turning their eyes to international markets, seeking smarter ways to grow income streams and diversify beyond the local economy.

With the right strategy, exporting is not just profitable, it is sustainable, scalable, and one of the most forward-thinking decisions any Nigerian entrepreneur can make today.

Nigeria is naturally positioned for export success. From its abundance of agricultural produce like sesame, cashew, cocoa and ginger to its rich pool of untapped natural resources and artisanal goods, the country offers products that are in high demand across Europe, Asia, the Middle East and North America.

According to the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC), non-oil exports generated over $4.8 billion in 2022, a significant leap from previous years and a clear indicator of growing global demand for Made-in-Nigeria goods.

This guide will give you a clear and practical roadmap to build a compliant, profitable export business from the ground up. Where appropriate, we will also point you to essential resources from Entrepreneurs.ng that can give your business a strong foundation, from our Business Registration Service (reach out to us on WhatsApp- 08188122223 for your business registration) to the Entrepreneurs Success Blueprint and premium business templates.

Key Takeaway

1. Starting an export business in Nigeria requires proper business registration, NEPC licensing, a domiciliary account, and a well-researched export plan.
2. Choosing the right product – whether agricultural, processed, or creative, depends on international demand, compliance requirements, and your sourcing capacity.
3. Building trust with international buyers involves professional branding, accurate documentation, consistent delivery, and strategic use of digital platforms.
4. Long-term export success comes from understanding legal frameworks, managing finances wisely, and using tools, funding, and expert support to scale confidently.

How to Start an Export Business in Nigeria – Step-by-Step Guide

Many aspiring exporters ask how to start an export business in Nigeria without getting stuck in red tape or losing money to poor planning.

The answer is to follow a clear, structured process from the start. Here is a step-by-step guide that will help you build a solid, compliant and profitable export business.

Step 1: Register Your Business with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC)

The first requirement is to legally register your business with the CAC. Without this, you cannot apply for an export license, open a corporate bank account or operate formally in international markets.

You can register your export business as:

• A business name, ideal for sole proprietors
• A limited liability company, suitable for growth-oriented businesses
• A cooperative or NGO, if you are exporting through a community model

A limited liability company offers more credibility, access to funding and ease when dealing with international buyers. Entrepreneurs.ng offers a fast-track Business Registration Service that simplifies this process, ensuring your documents are accurate and compliant.

Step 2: Register with the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC)

To operate legally as an exporter, you must be listed with the NEPC. This federal agency issues your Exporter’s Certificate and provides access to training, trade fairs, and export-related support.

The process includes:

• Filling out the e-registration form on the NEPC portal
• Uploading documents like your CAC certificate, utility bill and ID
• Paying the NEPC fee online
• Receiving your Exporter’s Certificate within a few days of approval

Being NEPC-registered also gives your business visibility to foreign buyers searching for verified exporters.

Step 3: Open a Domiciliary Account

Once registered, you will need a domiciliary account to receive international payments in dollars, euros or pounds. This account allows you to invoice in foreign currency and access your export proceeds legally.

To open a domiciliary account, visit a commercial bank with:

• Your CAC registration documents
• Valid identification
• Utility bill for proof of address
• Two referees (for corporate current accounts)

Choose a bank with a dedicated trade support team to ease future transactions.

Step 4: Create an Export Business Plan

An export business plan is your strategic playbook. It outlines your target market, product sourcing strategy, logistics, pricing, financial projections and customer acquisition strategy. Without this document, it is easy to lose focus or attract the wrong partners.

Your plan should answer:

• What product are you exporting, and why?
• Who is your target customer or importer?
• What is your pricing strategy including shipping and taxes?
• How will you market and deliver your product?

If you do not have a solid template, you can get the Business Plan Template from Entrepreneurs.ng’s Shop to help you build a professional, investor-ready plan.

Step 5: Research and Understand Your Target Market

Before exporting anything, you must know where your product is going and what that market requires. This includes import restrictions, documentation expectations, pricing trends and buyer preferences.

You should ask:

• Is my product allowed in this country?
• What certifications or standards are required?
• Who are the major buyers and competitors in that market?

Use tools like ITC Trade Map, Trademap.org and Google Trends to explore these insights. NEPC also publishes valuable market briefs and country profiles.

Step 6: Source or Produce Your Export Products

Decide whether you will produce, buy from local producers, or aggregate from cooperatives. Your sourcing model will impact quality control, delivery timelines and cost structure.

If you are sourcing from farmers or manufacturers:

• Visit their facilities to inspect standards
• Negotiate contracts with supply terms
• Agree on volume, delivery timelines and pricing

It is important that you only deal with producers who can meet international standards in hygiene, moisture content, packaging and documentation.

Step 7: Package and Label According to International Standards

Packaging is not just about looks, it impacts compliance, shelf-life and market acceptance. Poor packaging can get your goods rejected at foreign ports or returned by buyers.

Your packaging should:

• Be tamper-proof and food-safe (for consumables)
• Include clear product labels in the importer’s language
• Carry expiry dates, batch numbers and weight
• Follow destination country labelling standards

Using quality packaging can significantly increase how much buyers are willing to pay. Entrepreneurs.ng’s Brand Asset Design Service can help you develop export-ready logos, labels and product identity.

Step 8: Get the Required Export Documentation

To legally ship goods out of Nigeria, you must process several key documents through customs, banks and regulatory agencies. These include:

• Proforma invoice
• Bill of lading or airway bill
• Certificate of origin
• Export declaration form (Form NXP)
• Commercial invoice
• Packing list
• Phytosanitary certificate (for agro products)
• Certificate of inspection (if required by buyer)

Mistakes in documentation can delay shipping or even lead to cargo rejection. Always cross-check documents and work with a licensed customs broker.

Step 9: Choose a Freight Forwarder or Logistics Partner

Exporting involves moving goods across borders, and choosing the right freight forwarder is crucial. These professionals help you manage everything from pickup and warehousing to customs clearance and delivery at destination.

You must decide between:

• FOB (Free on Board): You deliver to port; buyer handles the rest
• CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight): You cover cost till goods arrive at buyer’s port

A good freight forwarder or customs broker will advise you on documentation, duties and insurance. Get referrals or work with logistics companies experienced in Nigerian exports.

Step 10: Market Your Export Business

Many Nigerian exporters struggle not because they lack good products, but because buyers cannot find them. You need a marketing strategy that puts your business in front of serious importers.

Some proven methods include:

• Listing your business on trade directories like Alibaba, Tradekey, HowTrade, Global Sources
• Creating a professional website with product catalogue, certifications and contact info
• Networking on LinkedIn and participating in virtual or physical trade fairs
• Using targeted social media ads to attract wholesale buyers in specific countries

If you want to be found by serious international buyers, you need credibility, visibility and trust.

Understanding the Export Business

If you are serious about learning how to start an export business in Nigeria, it is important to first understand what exporting involves, the options available to you, and how to choose a model that suits your business goals.

What is an Export Business?

An export business is any venture that involves selling goods or services from Nigeria to international buyers. It could mean shipping cashew nuts from Ogbomosho to Dubai or offering digital branding services to a client in the UK.

The core idea is to take something valuable within the country and provide it to a market beyond our borders where the demand and profit margins are higher.

Types of Export Businesses in Nigeria

There are different types of export business models. You can operate as a direct exporter, where you source or manufacture your own products and manage the shipping, marketing and buyer communication yourself. This gives you more control and higher margins, but also requires deeper involvement.

Alternatively, you can choose an indirect export model. In this case, you work with export agents, aggregators or trading companies who already have buyer connections and logistics systems in place. This option is less demanding in terms of logistics, and it is often where new exporters start.

There is also a growing space for service exports. If you are in tech, education, design or any digital-based field, your services can be exported online to clients in different countries. This kind of export business requires less infrastructure but demands excellent marketing and brand positioning.

Choosing the Right Model for Your Business

Selecting a model depends on what you can offer, how much control you want, and the level of risk you are willing to manage. If you are just starting out and want to learn gradually, indirect export may be the way to go.

If you already have access to quality products or production capacity, then direct export allows you to build a brand and command better pricing.

Regardless of the model you choose, the foundation must be strong. This includes proper business registration, export licensing, and understanding your target market.

Entrepreneurs.ng offers hands-on support through its Business Registration Service and the Entrepreneurs Success Blueprint – a complete system designed to help business owners build structure, avoid costly mistakes and position their ventures for sustainable global success.

Is Exporting Profitable in Nigeria?

A common question aspiring entrepreneurs ask is whether starting an export business in Nigeria is truly worth it. The short answer is yes, but only if it is done right.

Exporting offers significant financial potential, but like any business, it depends on your approach, market understanding, and operational efficiency.

The Financial Opportunity in Exporting

Exporting allows Nigerian business owners to tap into global markets where demand and pricing are often more favourable. For example, the average price of one metric tonne of dried split ginger in Europe can be two to three times higher than what it sells for locally.

According to the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC), non-oil exports contributed over 4.8 billion dollars to the Nigerian economy in 2022, with agricultural products, manufactured goods, and solid minerals leading the way.

Many small-scale exporters are already earning in dollars and euros, which provides a buffer against naira fluctuations and local economic shocks.

With consistent supply, proper logistics, and access to reliable buyers, margins can be anywhere from 25 to 50 per cent, depending on the product and market.

Key Factors That Affect Profitability

Not every export venture is automatically profitable. A few important factors determine how much you can earn from your export business in Nigeria.

Product demand: Are you exporting a product people actually want in your target market?

Quality standards: Export markets are strict about quality, packaging, and certifications. Meeting these expectations increases your product’s market value.

Logistics efficiency: Profit can be eaten up by poor shipping decisions, customs delays, or incorrect documentation.

Foreign exchange planning: Receiving payments in foreign currency is great, but managing conversion rates and domiciliary accounts wisely is key to maintaining value.

Long-Term Wealth and Business Growth

Beyond short-term profits, export businesses offer long-term scalability. With the right systems in place, you can build a brand that goes beyond one-off transactions. Repeat business, referrals from satisfied foreign clients, and expansion into multiple markets are all possible with a well-structured approach.

If you want to build a sustainable export business with high income potential, it pays to lay the groundwork properly. This includes formalising your business, creating a strong brand identity, and using professional planning tools.

Entrepreneurs.ng provides resources like the Business Plan Template and the Employer-Employee Super Protection Bundle to help serious entrepreneurs position themselves for long-term global success.

Types of Export Businesses You Can Start

There are many ways to start an export business in Nigeria, and the right path for you depends on what you can access, what you know, and how much you are willing to invest.

Below are the most common types of export businesses Nigerians are building today and how you can choose what fits your strengths and goals.

Agro Commodity Export

This is one of the most popular types of export business in Nigeria because the country is rich in crops that are in high demand abroad.

Products like ginger, sesame seed, cocoa, cashew, charcoal, and hibiscus flower are exported every year to countries across Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

Agro export is relatively low-tech and often does not require advanced processing, making it a good starting point for beginners.

However, it requires strong sourcing relationships with farmers or cooperatives, quality control, and knowledge of seasonal cycles. It is also important to follow food safety and plant health regulations in destination countries.

Processed Goods Export

Another type of export business involves selling semi-processed or packaged goods. This includes items like plantain flour, dried fruit snacks, palm kernel oil, shea butter, and spices.

These products attract a growing number of Africans in the diaspora and international health-conscious consumers.

Processed goods allow you to earn more per unit since you are not just selling raw materials, you are adding value. But they also come with higher requirements for packaging, branding, and shelf-life.

Entrepreneurs.ng offers tools like the Business Plan Template and branding assets that can help you get this right from day one.

Arts, Crafts, and Fashion Export

Nigeria’s creative exports are gaining traction. Think of Adire fabrics, handmade leather slippers, jewellery, sculpture, and Afrocentric fashion accessories. These products appeal to both diaspora markets and foreign collectors looking for unique, high-quality items.

Running this kind of export business requires strong storytelling and branding. A professional website, good product photography, and a clear brand identity are essential to attract and retain global buyers.

If you are starting a fashion or creative export business, building a strong online presence is not optional, it is your store window.

Service-Based Export

Services are also exportable. Nigerian freelancers and businesses export services like software development, animation, copywriting, consulting, and training. This is a different kind of export business, and it is built around skills rather than physical products.

To succeed in this space, you need credibility, consistency, and professional delivery. Platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, and LinkedIn can be your marketplace. Service exporters also benefit from clear contracts, structured client onboarding, and protection of intellectual property.

Hybrid Export Models

Some businesses combine product and service exports. For example, a company exporting cassava chips may also offer consulting services on farming best practices to overseas buyers.

Others may export branded goods and offer white-labelling services. This hybrid approach can open up multiple revenue streams once your export brand is established.

What You Can Export From Nigeria

One of the first and most important steps in starting an export business in Nigeria is choosing the right product.

The success of your export business will often depend on what you sell, how easy it is to source, and whether there is consistent demand in international markets.

Nigeria is blessed with a wide variety of agricultural produce, natural resources, handmade products and consumables that are already gaining traction abroad. Here are some of the most profitable and practical things you can export from Nigeria.

Agricultural Commodities

Agricultural export is the backbone of many successful export businesses in Nigeria. These products are relatively easy to source locally and are in high demand in foreign markets.

Sesame Seed

Nigeria is one of the top global producers of sesame seed, exporting to markets in Asia, the Middle East and Europe. Its oil-rich quality and health benefits make it popular for food and cosmetic use.

About 80 per cent of Nigeria’s sesame production is exported, with annual growth in global demand at around 4 per cent.

Cashew Nut

Cashew is another major earner. Nigeria ranks among the top global producers, contributing around 20 per cent of in-shell cashew production. India and Vietnam are leading importers.

With proper drying, shelling and packaging, cashew can fetch high prices in international markets.

Ginger and Garlic

Nigerian ginger is considered one of the most potent in the world. With high oleoresin content and strong flavour, it is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

It is exported both fresh and dried, with Europe and Asia being major buyers.

Cocoa

Cocoa remains one of Nigeria’s top non-oil export products. Beyond raw cocoa beans, there is growing demand for cocoa butter and cocoa paste.

Major buyers include the Netherlands, the USA, and Malaysia. Nigeria is the fourth-largest cocoa exporter globally.

Charcoal

Export-grade charcoal, especially hardwood, BBQ and shisha varieties, is in high demand in Europe and Asia. Nigeria’s charcoal is regarded for its high carbon content and long burn time. Top producing areas include Nasarawa, Oyo and Jebba.

Shea Butter

Used in cosmetics and personal care products, Nigerian shea butter is exported in both raw and refined forms. The US, UK, and South Korea are some of the top buyers. To maximise your earnings, pay attention to purity levels, moisture content and packaging.

Processed and Packaged Foods

Processed food products offer higher margins because they add value. With the right branding and packaging, these products appeal to both the African diaspora and global health-conscious consumers.

Plantain Flour

Nigeria is among the top producers of plantain, and plantain flour has gained popularity in countries like the UK and the US due to its gluten-free appeal. It has a long shelf life and can be packaged for supermarkets or ethnic food stores.

Palm Kernel Oil and Coconut Oil

These oils are used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food production. Asian and European buyers are strong importers. Palm kernel oil, in particular, is in demand for soap and cream production.

Spices and Dried Foods

Dried chilli, turmeric, pepper soup spices, ogbono, egusi and crayfish are widely accepted by Nigerian communities abroad. They are easy to ship and offer decent margins with proper packaging.

Cultural, Fashion and Handmade Goods

Creative exports from Nigeria are gaining momentum as global interest in African culture and craftsmanship grows.

Adire and Ankara Fabrics

Hand-dyed Adire cloth and high-quality Ankara prints are popular in fashion-forward countries. When branded well and presented through a professional online store or catalogue, these products attract both diaspora customers and foreign designers.

Leather Goods

Nigeria’s handmade shoes, bags, and belts from Kano and Aba are increasingly gaining attention. These can be customised, ethically produced and branded for premium appeal.

Arts and Sculptures

Wooden carvings, bronze pieces from Benin, and handmade home decor items are also profitable export items. They appeal to both collectors and interior decorators in Western markets.

Fruits, Juices and Natural Health Products

There is a growing demand for exotic and tropical fruit products globally. With proper processing and storage, these items can become profitable exports.

Dried Fruits

Mango, pineapple, banana and coconut chips are exported as healthy snacks. They require a hygienic drying process and food-grade packaging to meet export standards.

Fruit Juices

Nigerian fruits can be processed into juice concentrates for export. Packaging and preservative compliance are key here.

Herbal Products and Medicinal Plants

Products like bitter leaf, moringa, neem, and zobo have therapeutic appeal and are exported to herbal stores and health shops abroad. Regulations in the destination country must be followed to ensure compliance.

Other Lucrative Export Ideas

• Yam and yam flour
• Beans and lentils
• Soybeans and soy flour
• Honey
• Snail and smoked catfish
• Kilishi (dried meat snack)
• Full cream milk powder
• Cocoa beverages
• Black soap and skincare ingredients

These products can be exported raw, processed or packaged. The key is to choose items that meet demand, pass quality inspections, and travel well across long distances.

If you are unsure what product to start with, you can explore multiple options by conducting market research, testing small volumes, or enrolling in the Entrepreneurs Success Blueprint. The programme provides clarity and step-by-step guidance to help you choose the right product, price it correctly, and scale profitably.

Compliance and Legal Requirements For Export Business

Once you have your export product, buyers, and logistics in place, the next step is making sure you are operating within the legal framework. Export compliance protects your business, builds credibility with foreign partners and prevents costly penalties or shipment delays.

Step 1: Understand the Role of Key Regulatory Bodies

Several government agencies are involved in regulating export business in Nigeria. Each one plays a specific role, and ignoring their guidelines can stall your operations.

Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC): The central body responsible for non-oil export promotion. Registration with NEPC is mandatory to legally export goods.

Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON): Ensures that products meet quality and safety standards. Required for processed goods, electrical items and manufactured exports.

National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC): Regulates food, drugs, cosmetics and agricultural exports. You will need NAFDAC certification for products like spices, oils, cosmetics and packaged foods.

Nigeria Customs Service (NCS): Handles customs clearance, form NXP processing and export duty checks. Your documentation must align with customs declarations to avoid delays.

Federal Produce Inspection Service (FPIS): Oversees the inspection and quality grading of agricultural commodities for export.

Engaging a licensed clearing agent who understands the requirements of these agencies can help you avoid mistakes and keep things moving.

Step 2: Process the Right Documentation

Documentation is at the core of export compliance in Nigeria. If one document is missing, inaccurate or inconsistent with your cargo, your goods may be delayed, confiscated or returned. You will need to process:

Form NXP: A mandatory declaration form processed through an authorised commercial bank and submitted to Customs. It ensures all export proceeds are tracked by the Central Bank of Nigeria.

Certificate of Origin: Confirms the goods were produced or manufactured in Nigeria.

Phytosanitary Certificate: Issued by NAQS for agricultural and plant-based exports to confirm they are pest-free and safe.

SONCAP Certificate: Required for manufactured products regulated by SON.

Packing List, Commercial Invoice, and Shipping Documents: These must match each other and reflect the correct export values and shipment details.

Any inconsistencies across your paperwork can cause serious issues, especially with international buyers or customs authorities abroad.

Step 3: Stay Compliant with Payment and Repatriation Laws

The Central Bank of Nigeria requires all exporters to repatriate their foreign earnings within a stipulated time, usually 90 days. That means funds from your export must be paid into your domiciliary account, and the proceeds must be declared properly.

Working with your bank’s export desk ensures that your documents are processed correctly, your payment timelines are tracked, and your Form NXP is updated. Delays in repatriation or non-declaration can result in restrictions on your business.

Step 4: Understand the Rules of Your Destination Country

Compliance does not stop at the Nigerian border. Each country has its own rules about what they allow in, how goods should be labelled, and what import tariffs apply.

You need to research:

• Product restrictions and bans
• Labelling and language requirements
• Quality and safety certifications
• Whether your product attracts duties or qualifies for trade relief

For instance, the European Union has strict rules on organic certification and allergen labelling for food products, while Asian markets may require different quality grading systems.

Understanding these rules before you ship saves you from fines, rejections or reputational damage with buyers. If in doubt, consult with a trade compliance advisor or your target country’s chamber of commerce.

Step 5: Protect Your Brand and Intellectual Property

If you are exporting branded products, custom designs or unique formulas, protect your intellectual property before going global. This includes:

• Trademarking your brand name and logo
• Patenting product innovations
• Using non-disclosure agreements with manufacturers or exporters

Entrepreneurs.ng offers a full Brand Asset Design Service to help you develop a unique and professional brand identity that you can register and protect globally. This adds value to your business and helps you build trust in new markets.

Funding and Financial Support for Exporters

Financing is one of the most overlooked yet critical elements in building a successful export business in Nigeria. Even if your product is ready and buyers are lined up, you still need working capital to cover sourcing, packaging, documentation, shipping and marketing costs.

Without access to the right funding, many new exporters struggle to fulfil orders or grow sustainably.

Understanding the financing options available to exporters in Nigeria can make the difference between a stalled idea and a thriving global business.

Accessing Government and Institutional Export Funds

Several government-backed institutions offer funding and credit support to help Nigerian exporters grow and scale. These are not limited to large corporations; many small businesses qualify if their documents are in order.

Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM Bank)

NEXIM provides loans, guarantees and export credit insurance to eligible businesses. Their Export Development Fund (EDF) and Export Stimulation Facility (ESF) are designed specifically for non-oil exporters seeking to scale.

These facilities can be used for pre-shipment finance, production expansion, raw material purchase and more.

To qualify, you will need:

• A registered company
• NEPC Exporter’s Certificate
• Business plan
• Audited financial statements or a reliable cash flow projection
• Verifiable purchase order or export contract

Bank of Industry (BOI)

BOI supports export-oriented manufacturers and agro-processors. If your export business involves adding value through processing or packaging, BOI may provide medium- to long-term funding with competitive interest rates. Their support often comes bundled with business advisory and compliance guidance.

Development Bank of Nigeria (DBN)

While not export-specific, DBN provides funding to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through commercial banks. This funding can be useful for exporters handling multiple small contracts and growing their capacity gradually.

Using Your Export Business Plan to Secure Funding

No serious bank or investor will fund an export business without a clear business plan. Your plan should show not just what you are exporting, but your route to market, expected cash flow, risk management strategy and buyer pipeline.

If writing a business plan feels like a hurdle, the Business Plan Template from Entrepreneurs.ng is designed to help exporters articulate their vision professionally. It covers all the sections you will need to pitch banks, development funds or private investors with confidence.

Buyer Financing and Advance Payments

In some export arrangements, buyers are willing to provide part or full payment before shipment. This usually happens when you have built trust and demonstrated the ability to deliver.

To improve your chances of securing upfront payment:

• Share clear product photos, certifications and shipping timelines
• Provide references from previous buyers
• Offer smaller trial shipments first
• Use secure payment terms like irrevocable letters of credit (LCs)

An LC is a commitment from the buyer’s bank to pay you once the shipping and documentation terms are met. While slightly more complex to set up, LCs protect both parties and are widely used in formal export trade.

Cooperative Funding and Group Exporting

If you cannot raise capital alone, consider forming or joining a registered cooperative. This is particularly helpful for small-scale agro exporters. Cooperatives can pool funds, buy in bulk, negotiate better logistics, and apply for funding as a group entity.

Government agencies like NEPC and state export offices regularly offer support packages to organised groups. These may include capacity building, access to shared equipment, or international trade exposure.

Protecting Your Working Capital

Exporters need to be smart about managing funds. Ensure you:

• Separate personal and business finances
• Use a domiciliary account for foreign transactions
• Track every expense related to fulfilment and logistics
• Reinvest a portion of profits into business growth

You can also reduce risk by getting export credit insurance through NEXIM or private insurers, which protects you in case of buyer default or political disruptions in the destination country.

For exporters managing staff or contractors, the Employer-Employee Super Protection Bundle on Entrepreneurs.ng provides essential tools for handling salaries, contracts, and compliance. It will help you stay organised and professional as you grow.

Technology and Tools to Run Your Export Business

Running a successful export business in Nigeria requires more than just knowing what to ship and where to ship it. To compete globally, you need to be organised, responsive and reliable.

That is where technology comes in. With the right tools, you can streamline operations, reduce errors and build a strong reputation with buyers around the world.

Here are key categories of tools and digital systems every exporter should consider.

Communication and Customer Relationship Management

Strong communication is the foundation of trust, especially when your clients are thousands of kilometres away. You need to be reachable, professional and responsive.

WhatsApp Business: Set up a business profile, automate greetings, and label conversations by buyer, order stage or location.

Zoom or Google Meet: For virtual meetings, product demos and buyer negotiations.

HubSpot CRM or Zoho CRM: Keep track of leads, export orders, follow-ups and client history in one place. Most CRMs have free versions that are more than enough for small exporters.

Keeping a record of every conversation, contract, and enquiry helps you respond faster and close deals more efficiently.

Product Management and Documentation

Export business involves a lot of paperwork- certificates, invoices, packaging lists and compliance documents. Misplacing one document can delay shipments and damage your relationship with buyers.

Google Workspace: Use Google Drive to store export documents in the cloud. Google Docs and Sheets are perfect for creating packing lists, invoices and price quotes.

Dropbox or OneDrive: Reliable cloud storage for product images, certifications and signed contracts.

Canva: Design beautiful product catalogues, flyers and labels. A strong product presentation can make the difference between a one-off buyer and a long-term customer.

If you are building a recognisable export brand, Entrepreneurs.ng offers a Brand Asset Package that includes logo design, document templates and visual identity tools to present your business professionally across every platform.

Invoicing and Financial Tracking

Exporting means dealing with foreign currencies, cross-border payments and international clients. You need to invoice clearly and track every payment to stay profitable and compliant.

Wave or Zoho Invoice: Create professional invoices in dollars, pounds or euros. Set reminders and track payments in real time.

QuickBooks or Sage Accounting: Manage your books, track expenses, and generate reports to apply for funding or pay taxes with confidence.

Payoneer or Wise (formerly TransferWise): Receive payments from international buyers at lower fees than traditional banks.

Avoid mixing personal and business finances. Always use a dedicated business or domiciliary account for your export transactions.

Logistics and Shipment Tracking

Reliable delivery builds your credibility. Once your goods leave Nigeria, both you and your buyer should be able to track their movement.

Freight forwarder tracking portals: Most reputable logistics companies like DHL Global Forwarding, Maersk, or CMA CGM offer tracking tools.

Flexport: A digital freight platform offering real-time updates, cost estimates and shipment visibility.

AfterShip or Parcel: Allow you to track multiple shipments from different carriers in one dashboard.

Buyers will trust you more when they can see where their goods are and when they will arrive.

Marketing and Online Visibility

In export business, buyers often find you before you find them. Your online presence needs to make a great first impression.

WordPress or Wix: Easy-to-use platforms to build your own website with product pages, enquiry forms and testimonials.

Mailchimp: Send newsletters, product updates and catalogues to buyers.

LinkedIn Sales Navigator: Identify and connect with procurement officers, retail buyers and distributors globally.

To stand out online, you need to look the part. The Entrepreneurs Success Blueprint includes guidance on setting up your export marketing system, from your brand voice and product story to attracting global buyers through content and digital platforms.

Internal Management and Collaboration

If you work with a team, even a small one, staying organised internally matters as much as delivering externally.

Trello or Asana: Manage export order timelines, follow-ups, and supplier communications using project boards.

Slack: A team messaging tool that helps you communicate without clogging email inboxes.

These tools are especially useful if you are working remotely, managing multiple suppliers, or serving clients in different time zones.

Legal, Tax, and Regulatory Framework For the Export Business

Running an export business in Nigeria requires a solid understanding of your legal obligations, tax responsibilities and compliance with both local and international regulations. Ignoring these essentials can put your entire business at risk.

Here is what every exporter needs to know to stay on the right side of the law while protecting their business interests.

Understand Your Legal Identity and Structure

The legal structure of your business determines how you are taxed, what kind of contracts you can sign and how you are viewed by partners abroad. A registered business with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) is non-negotiable if you want to be taken seriously as an exporter.

A limited liability company is generally the preferred structure for exporters because it offers credibility, allows you to sign binding contracts, and separates your personal assets from business liabilities.

If you are still operating informally, now is the time to formalise your structure. Entrepreneurs.ng offers a Business Registration Service that makes this process fast and straightforward. Reach out to us on WhatsApp- 08188122223

Register with Key Export Regulatory Agencies

We have previously touched on the role of the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC), but it is worth repeating: your export license from NEPC is your entry ticket into global trade. Without it, your goods will not clear customs legally.

Other key agencies you may need to interact with include:

Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON): For product certifications and inspections

National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC): If you deal in food, beverages, cosmetics or agricultural produce

Nigeria Customs Service (NCS): Oversees export clearance and enforces all trade-related duties and procedures

Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS): Responsible for company tax and VAT registration

Keeping your certifications current is essential. Failing to renew export licenses or obtain necessary inspections can delay shipments or even attract penalties.

Tax Responsibilities for Exporters

Exporters in Nigeria benefit from several tax incentives, but that does not mean you are tax-exempt. Here is what you need to understand:

Company Income Tax (CIT): All registered businesses are required to pay CIT, currently at 30 percent for large firms and 20 percent for small businesses. Startups with less than 25 million naira turnover may be exempt under the Finance Act.

Value Added Tax (VAT): Exports are zero-rated for VAT, which means you do not charge VAT on exported goods. However, you must still register for VAT with FIRS and file returns, even if your rate is zero.

Withholding Tax (WHT): This may apply to commissions or fees you pay to local agents or consultants.

It is important to file your taxes correctly and on time. Accurate financial records, proper invoicing and the use of business accounting software will keep you compliant and audit-ready.

If your export business is scaling and you are hiring staff, the Employer-Employee Super Protection Bundle on Entrepreneurs.ng includes contract templates and payroll tools to help you manage this responsibly.

Contracts and International Agreements

When dealing with buyers abroad, always use written contracts. Verbal agreements, email promises or informal chats are not enough when disputes arise. A good export contract should cover:

• Product specifications
• Quantity and pricing
• Shipping terms (Incoterms like FOB, CIF, etc.)
• Payment methods and timelines
• Dispute resolution mechanism
• Penalties for breach of agreement

If your buyer is overseas, it is wise to consult with a trade lawyer or advisor who understands international contracts. This protects you from being exploited and strengthens your legal standing.

Understand International Trade Laws and Tariffs

Different countries have different rules for what they allow into their borders. Exporting pepper to the UK may require a completely different process from exporting cocoa butter to Canada. Each country has:

• Import restrictions and documentation rules
• Tariffs or preferential trade agreements
• Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations

For example, the European Union requires traceability on food products, while the United States has strict labelling and allergen disclosure rules.

Exporters must stay informed or risk having their goods rejected or destroyed at the destination port. NEPC, embassies and trade attachés can provide up-to-date information on destination market rules.

Intellectual Property and Brand Protection

If your product has unique packaging, a custom name, logo, or formula, it is worth protecting. Intellectual property (IP) theft is a real threat, especially when your goods enter markets where competitors can easily imitate your brand.

What you can do:

• Register your trademark with the Trademarks, Patents and Designs Registry in Nigeria
• Consider registering your IP in your destination country if you plan to enter retail chains
• Use non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) when working with agents or third-party manufacturers

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Export Business

Building an export business in Nigeria can be rewarding, but it comes with its fair share of challenges. Many entrepreneurs rush into exporting without a full understanding of what is involved.

Avoiding common mistakes will save you time, money, and reputation as you grow your business in global markets.

Neglecting Market Research

It is easy to assume that because a product sells well locally, it will do just as well internationally. This mindset often leads exporters to ship products that do not meet demand, face rejection at the destination port, or are priced incorrectly for the global market.

Without proper market research, you may end up wasting resources on the wrong audience or struggling to gain traction.

Taking the time to analyse international demand, understand import regulations, and assess competitor pricing is a crucial step in laying a strong export foundation.

Not Formalising the Business

Attempting to export without formal registration or proper licensing is a serious risk. Buyers, banks, and logistics providers prefer to work with registered businesses that operate with transparency.

Without a registered entity, you may find it difficult to access financial services, clear your goods through customs, or even get listed in export directories.

Delays, legal complications, and lost credibility are common consequences for exporters who skip this essential step. Starting with proper business registration through the Corporate Affairs Commission and obtaining your NEPC certificate helps set you up for success from day one.

Underestimating Documentation and Compliance

Exporting comes with paperwork, and getting the documents wrong can cause major setbacks. From missing certificates to mismatched invoices, errors in documentation are among the most common reasons goods are delayed or turned back at the port.

Many new exporters underestimate the precision required in this area. Everything must align, from your bill of lading to your commercial invoice. Ensuring that your documentation meets the requirements of both Nigerian Customs and the destination country is not optional.

It is essential to work with a qualified customs agent or freight forwarder who understands these requirements.

Relying on Verbal Agreements

In export business, informal conversations are not enough to guarantee trust or protect your interests. Too many exporters operate on verbal promises or casual chats with foreign buyers, only to face payment issues, product disputes or cancelled orders.

Without written contracts, it becomes almost impossible to enforce terms or resolve disagreements. A clearly written agreement outlining payment terms, product specifications, delivery schedules and dispute procedures should always be in place before any goods leave your warehouse.

Ignoring Product Presentation

Many Nigerian exporters invest time in sourcing quality products but forget to invest in how those products are presented. Poor packaging, unclear labelling, and unprofessional branding can immediately turn off a potential buyer, even before the product is tested.

Packaging is often the first impression, and if it does not inspire confidence, buyers may move on. Export markets expect products to look retail-ready, with proper labelling that meets health, safety and import standards. Your packaging should speak the language of your target market, both literally and visually.

Mismanaging Finances

Exporting involves dealing with foreign currencies, international payment timelines and operational costs that can shift due to logistics, inflation or exchange rates.

Many new exporters fail to separate their personal and business funds or operate without a clear pricing structure. This often leads to inconsistent profits, cash flow problems and an inability to reinvest for growth.

Understanding how to set realistic margins, manage bank transactions and comply with repatriation laws is key to building a sustainable export business.

Overpromising and Underdelivering

In a bid to impress buyers or close their first deal, some exporters make promises they cannot keep. They agree to deliver quantities they cannot source, timelines they cannot meet, or product standards they cannot maintain.

The result is often damaged relationships, lost contracts, or even legal disputes. Exporting is a business built on trust. It is better to start small, exceed expectations, and build a reputation for reliability than to make promises you are not ready to fulfil.

Conclusion

Starting an export business in Nigeria is one of the most powerful ways to build a resilient and profitable enterprise in today’s global economy.

With the country’s wealth of natural and agricultural resources, a growing network of trade support services, and increasing demand for Nigerian goods across the world, there has never been a better time to think beyond borders.

This guide has walked you through how to start an export business in Nigeria, from business registration and licensing to sourcing, packaging, compliance, and attracting international buyers.

Whether you are dealing in raw commodities, processed foods, handmade goods or digital services, the key is to start small, stay compliant, and grow consistently. The more structured your foundation, the more scalable your business becomes.

We want to see you succeed, and that’s why we provide valuable business resources to help you every step of the way.

• Register your business today with Entrepreneurs.ng’s Business Registration Services.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How do I start an export business in Nigeria?

To start an export business in Nigeria, you need to register your business with the Corporate Affairs Commission, obtain an export license from the Nigerian Export Promotion Council, and open a domiciliary account to receive foreign payments.

You must also choose a product with high demand internationally, understand the compliance and documentation process, and develop a marketing strategy to attract international buyers.

What products can I export from Nigeria?

Nigeria has a wide range of exportable products including agricultural commodities like sesame seed, ginger, cashew nuts, cocoa, and charcoal.

Other items include processed foods such as plantain flour and spices, natural oils, shea butter, handmade crafts, fashion accessories, and even digital services.

Choosing a product depends on market demand, your access to quality supply, and your ability to meet international standards.

What licenses do I need to start an export business in Nigeria?

You need to register your business legally and obtain an Exporter’s Certificate from the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC).

If you are exporting food, cosmetics, or agricultural products, you may also require certification from NAFDAC, SON, and other relevant agencies. Each product category may have specific compliance requirements depending on the destination country.

How much capital do I need to start an export business in Nigeria?

The capital needed depends on your product and scale. A small-scale agro-export business can start with as little as 500,000 naira, especially if you are working through a cooperative or aggregating small shipments.

Larger operations that involve processing, branding, or shipping containers may require several million naira. Start with what you have and scale gradually as you build buyer confidence and order volume.

Can I start an export business from home in Nigeria?

Yes, many Nigerian exporters start from home, especially in the early stages. You can run your operations remotely while sourcing from suppliers, handling marketing online, and using logistics partners for shipping.

However, for credibility with international buyers, it helps to have a virtual office address and a professional online presence.

How do I find international buyers for Nigerian products?

You can find buyers through global trade platforms like Alibaba, Tradekey, and Exporters.SG, by attending trade shows (physical and virtual), or by networking on LinkedIn with importers and distributors.

Building a professional website, joining NEPC’s exporter directory, and sending targeted cold emails can also help you generate leads. A good export business combines digital visibility with relationship building.

What documents do I need to export goods from Nigeria?

Export documentation includes a proforma invoice, commercial invoice, bill of lading or air waybill, certificate of origin, Form NXP, packing list, inspection certificate, and any required regulatory certifications depending on your product.

These documents are used by customs, banks, logistics providers and foreign authorities to process and clear your shipment.

Do I need a domiciliary account to run an export business in Nigeria?

Yes, a domiciliary account is required to receive payments in foreign currencies such as dollars, pounds, or euros.

This account also allows you to process Form NXP through your bank, which is mandatory for all legal exports from Nigeria. Most commercial banks in Nigeria offer this service with minimal requirements for registered businesses.

Is export business profitable in Nigeria?

Export business in Nigeria can be highly profitable if done correctly. Products like sesame seed, cocoa, and charcoal have strong demand in global markets and can yield high margins when sourced efficiently and delivered consistently.

Success depends on market research, quality control, good buyer relationships, and smart financial management.

Can I export without an export license in Nigeria?

No, exporting without a valid NEPC license is not legal in Nigeria. It may result in your goods being seized at the port, rejected by customs, or blacklisted from future export support programmes.

The export license serves as proof that you are a verified Nigerian exporter and gives you access to international buyers and government-backed incentives.